Opened in 1908, the grand Beaux-Arts Union Station building on Massachusetts Avenue, N.E. was designed by the famous architect Daniel Burnham. Built as a "gateway to Washington," during the City Beautiful movement, the marble and granite building is directly inspired by classical iconic structures such as the Arch of Constantine and the Baths of Diocletian.

A National Historic Landmark, the building underwent a multi-million dollar restoration in the 1980's adding a large food court, a variety of retail shops and restaurants. A large movie theater was also constructed.

The operators of Union Station have proposed substantial alterations to the property including the Main Hall, creating a large opening in the floor that would accommodate two staircases and two elevators and would reveal more of the food court below. The Committee of 100, which is participating in the Section 106 process, has voiced concern and opposition to the proposal and suggested alternatives. Also requested is the preparation of a preservation report on the building and a comprehensive review of traffic patterns, increased visitation and other functions of the station complex.